மூவேந்தர் முன்னேற்ற கழகம்

மூவேந்தர் முன்னேற்ற கழகம்.முக்குலத்தின் முதல் சங்கமான (கள்ளர்,மறவர்,அகமுடையதேவர்) முக்குலத்தோர் சங்கம், விரமருது பிரேம்குமார் வாண்டையரால் நடத்தி செயல்பட்ட சங்கம் தான் முக்குலத்தோர் சங்கம் பின் மூமுகழகம் என துவங்கியது,பிரேம்குமார் வாண்டையார் மறைவுக்கு பின் வழி நடத்த வந்த தலைவர் வீரமருது ஸ்ரீதர் வாண்டையார்,முக்குலத்து மக்களின் உரிமைக்காக ஒற்றுமைக்காக போராடி வருகிறார்,மன்னர் பரம்பரை பிறந்த இந்த சமுதாயம் ,நாடு ஆண்ட பரம்பரை இந்த பரம்பரை! ஆனால் இன்று மிகவம் பாதிக்கபட்ட சமுதாயம் மாறி வருகிறது. மூணு அரை கோடி மக்கள் தொகை கொண்ட நாம் சாதிக்க முடியவில்லை ? காரணம் நம் இடைய ஒற்றுமை இல்லை !நாம் மட்டுமே வாழ்ந்தால் போதும் என்ற எண்ணம் ,இதை தீயில் தூக்கி போட போராடியவர் பிரேம்குமார் வாண்டையார்.முக்குலத்து மக்களுக்கு தன்னால் முடிந்த வரை உதவிகளை செய்து வரும் ஸ்ரீதர் வாண்டையார்.முக்குலத்தின் தலைவர்களின் நிகழ்ச்சிகளை விழாக்கள் நடத்தி வருகிறார் பாதிக்கபட்ட மக்களின் உரிமைக்காக போராடி வருகிறார் ,விட்டு கொடுப்போம்!வாழ வைப்போம் ! மூவேந்தர் முன்னேற்ற கழகதில் சேர்ந்து போராடுங்கள்

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மூவேந்தர் முன்னேற்ற கழக கோரிக்கை மாநாட

மூவேந்தர் முன்னேற்ற கழக தலைவர் ஸ்ரீதர் வாண்டையார் பேச்சு
கள்ளர், மறவர், அக முடையோரை தேவரினம் என்று அறிவித்து மிகவும் பிற்படுத்தப்பட்டோர் பட்டியலில் சேர்க்க வேண்டும் என்று புதுக்கோட்டையில் நடைபெற்ற கோரிக்கை மாநாட்டில் மூவேந்தர் முன்னேற்ற கழக மாநில தலைவர் ஸ்ரீதர் வாண்டையார் பேசினார்.புதுக்கோட்டையில் மூவேந்தர் முன்னேற்ற கழக மாநில கோரிக்கை மாநாடு நேற்று முள்ளூரில் பிரேம்குமார் வாண்டையார் நினைவு திடலில் நடைபெற்றது. மூவேந்தர் முன்னேற்ற கழக மாநில பொது செயலாளர் சுப்பிரமணிய காடுவெட்டியார் வரவேற்று பேசினார். மாநாட்டிற்கு மூவேந்தர் முன்னேற்ற கழக மாநில தலைவர் ஸ்ரீதர் வாண்டையார் தலைமை தாங்கி பேசினார். அவர் கூறியதாவது:-நிலைமை மாறவேண்டும்இடஒதுக்கீட்டால் சமுதாயம் மிகவும் வஞ்சிக்கப்பட்டு உள்ளது. ஒரு காலத்தில் அதிகார வர்க்கமாக இருந்தோம். ஆனால் இன்றோ தலை கீழாக உள்ளோம். யாரையோ எதிர்பார்த்து உள்ளோம். இந்த நிலைமை மாற வேண்டும். தமிழ்நாட்டில் உள்ள மாவட்டங்களில் பணியாற்றுகிற கலெக்டரில் ஒருவர் கூட நம் முடைய சமுதாயத்தை சேர்ந்தவர் இல்லை. போலீஸ்துறையில் எஸ்.பி ஆக விழுப்புரம் மாவட்டத்தில் மட்டும் ஒருவர் உள்ளார் நீதி மன்றத்திலும் பெயரளவில் தான் உள்ளனர்.கள்ளர், மறவர், அகமுடையோர் ஆகியோரை ஒன்றிணைத்து தேவரினம் என்று அழைக்க வேண்டும். மிகவும் பிற்படுத்தப்பட்டோர் பட்டியலில் சேர்க்க வேண்டும். இந்த கோரிக்கை மாநாட்டிற்கு டாக்டர் சேதுராமன் மற்றும் அ.தி.மு.க, ம.தி.மு.க இந்திய முஸ்லிம் லீக் கட்சியை சேர்ந்த தலைவர்களும் வந்துள்ளனர். நாம் இப்போது பாதுகாப்பற்ற நிலையில் இருக்கிறோம். இடஒதுக்கீட்டை நாமும் பெற்று தீரவேண்டும். கல்வியில் உயர்ந்த நிலையை அடைந்து முன்னேற்ற பாதைக்கு சமுதாயத்தை கொண்டு செல்ல வேண்டும். அடுத்த தலைமுறையினர் நம்மை பார்த்து என்ன செய்து விட்டீர்கள் என்று கேட்டு விடக்கூடாது. அதற்காக தான் இந்த கோரிக்கை மாநாடு நடைபெறுகிறது.பசும்பொன் முத்துராமலிங்க தேவரின் நூற்றாண்டையட்டி அவருடைய பிறந்தநாள் அரசு விடுமுறையாக அறிவிக்கப்பட வேண்டும். இந்த மாநாட்டின் மூலம் கள்ளர், மறவர், அகமுடையோர் ஆகியோரை மிகவும் பிற்படுத்தப்பட்டோராக அறிவிக்க வேண்டும் என்று கோரிக்கை வைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. அதனை நிறைவேற்ற பாடுபட வேண்டும்.இவ்வாறு ஸ்ரீதர் வாண்டையார் கூறினார்.

தேவர் ஜெயந்தி 2007
மதுரை விமான நிலையத்துக்கு முத்துராமலிங்கதேவர் பெயரை சூட்ட வேண்டும் ஸ்ரீதர் வாண்டையார் பேட்டி சிவகங்கை,அக்.28&மதுரை விமான நிலையத்துக்கு முத்துராமலிங்க தேவர் பெயரை சூட்ட வேண்டும் என்று ஸ்ரீதர் வாண்டையார் கூறினார்

மதுரை விமான நிலையத்துக்கு முத்துராமலிங்கதேவர் பெயரை சூட்ட வேண்டும் ஸ்ரீதர் வாண்டையார் பேட்டி சிவகங்கை,அக்.28&மதுரை விமான நிலையத்துக்கு முத்துராமலிங்க தேவர் பெயரை சூட்ட வேண்டும் என்று ஸ்ரீதர் வாண்டையார் கூறினார்.


மூவேந்தர் முன்னேற்ற கழகத்தின் தலைவர் ஸ்ரீதர் வாண்டையார் மருது பாண்டியர் நினைவிடத்தில் அஞ்சலி செலுத்தினார்.இதன் பின்னர் காளையார்கோவில் பஸ் நிலையத்தின் அருகில் சுமார் 50 ஆயிரம் பேருக்கு அன்னதானம் வழங்கினார். பின்னர் அவர் நிருபர்களிடம் கூறியதாவது;&டாக்டர் சேதுராமனின் அகில இந்திய மூவேந்தர் முன்னணி கழகம் சார்பில் தேவரின் இரண்டாம் படைவீட்டுக்கு அடிக்கல் நாட்டு விழா சிவகங்கை மாவட்டம் பூவந்தியில் 30&ந்தேதி நடைபெற உள்ளது. இதில் கலந்து கொள்ள எங்களுக்கும் அழைப்பு வந்துள்ளது. தேவரின் குருபூஜைக்கு எங்களுக்கு ஒதுக்கப்பட்ட நேரத்தினை பொறுத்து இந்த நிகழ்ச்சியில் நாங்கள் கலந்து கொள்வோம்.


மூவேந்தர் முன்னேற்ற கழகமும் , அகில இந்திய மூவேந்தர் முன்னணி கழகமும் இரண்டு பிரிவாக பிரிந்து இயக்கங்களை தனித்தனியாக நடத்தினாலும் சமுதாய ஒற்றுமை, இட ஒதுக்கீடு உள்பட முக்கிய கோரிக்கைக்காக சேர்ந்து செயல்படுவது என்றும், 2 இயக்கங்களும் போராட்டங்களை ஒன்றாக நடத்துவது என்றும் தீர்மானம் நிறைவேற்றப்பட்டது. பூவந்தியில் அ.இ.மூ.மு.கழகத்தால் வைக்கப்பட்டு இருந்த பேனர்கள் தலைவர்களின் படங்கள் கிழிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. இது கடும் கண்டனத்துக்கு உரியது. சம்பந்தப்பட்டவர்கள் மீது காவல் துறையினர் கடும் நடவடிக்கை எடுக்க வேண்டும்.தேவர் விழாவை சிறப்பாக நடத்த உள்ள இந்த நேரத்தில் இது போன்ற செயல்களை செய்வது கண்டிக்கதக்கது. மதுரை விமானநிலையம், சட்ட கல்லூரி ஆகியவைகளுக்கு தேவர் பெயரை சூட்டவேண்டும். தேவரின் நூற்றாண்டு விழா நடைபெறும் சமயத்தில் எங்கள் 10 கோரிக்கைகளில் ஒரு கோரிக்கை மட்டும் நிறைவேற்றப்படும் என்று அறிவிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.மீதம் உள்ள 9 கோரிக்கைகளை வருகிற 30&ந்தேதி முதல்வர் அறிவிப்பார் என நம்புகிறோம். கல்வி, வேலைவாய்ப்பு, பொருளாதரம் ஆகியவைகளில் எங்களுக்கு முன்னுரிமை வேண்டும்.


சென்னைக்கு அருகாமையில் நிலத்தின் விலை பல கோடி உள்ளது. ஆனால் சிவகங்கை, விருதுநகர், ராமநாதபுரம் மாவட்டங்களில் விலை மிக குறைவாக உள்ளது. இந்த பொருளாதார ஏற்றத்தாழ்வை சரி செய்ய தென் மாவட்டங்களுக்கு அன்னிய முதலீடு மற்றும் அடிப்படை வசதிகளை செய்து கொடுக்கவேண்டும். இந்த பகுதியில் பொருளாதார நிலை உயர நடவடிக்கை எடுக்க வேண்டும். கமுதியில் உள்ள தேவர் கல்லூரியை விரிவு படுத்தி அதை பல்கலைக்கழகமாக மாற்ற வேண்டும். தமிழகத்தில் சில மாவட்டங்களில் மட்டும் கள்ளர் சமுதாயத்துக்கு மிகவும் பின்தங்கியவர் என்று ஜாதி சான்றிதழ் தரப்படுகிறது. இதை தமிழகத்தில் உள்ள எல்லா மாவட்டங்களுக்கும் கிடைக்கும் படி உத்தரவிடவேண்டும்.முக்குலத்தோர்களை தேவரினம் என்று முன்னாள் முதல்&அமைச்சர் ஜெயலலிதா அறிவித்தார். ஆனால் அந்த உத்தரவு இன்னமும் நடைமுறைப்படுத்தாமல் உள்ளது. அதை நடைமுறைபடுத்தவேண்டும். அத்துடன் தேவரினத்தை மிகவும் பின்தங்கியவர் பட்டியலில் சேர்த்து 10 சதவீதம் கூடுதல் இட ஒதுக்கீடு வழங்க வேண்டும். பல்கலைக்கழகங்கள்பசும்பொன், காளையார்கோவிலில் அஞ்சலி செலுத்தவரும் மக்களுக்கு நிழற்குடை, அத்துடன் கழிப்பறை, குடிநீர் வசதி செய்து தரவேண்டும். ராமநாதபுரம் மாவட்டத்தில் தேவர் பெயரிலும், சிவகங்கை மாவட்டத்தில் மருதுபாண்டியர் பெயரிலும் பல்கலைக்கழகங்கள் அமைக்கவேண்டும். இவ்வாறு அவர் கூறினார். பேட்டியின் போது மாநில பொதுச்செயலாளர் காடுவெட்டியார், ஆட்சி மன்ற குழு செயலாளர் அறப்பா, நிதிக்குழு செயலாளர் ஆறுமுகம் நாட்டார், மாவட்ட அமைப்பாளர் ராமச்சந்திரதேவர், தலைவர் நாகலிங்கம், செயலாளர் காந்தி ஆகியோர் உடன் இருந்தனர்.

Mukkulathor

Mukkulathor means Mukulathaar (Tamil: முக்குலத்தோர்) is used to refer to the trinity of ancient Tamil royal lineages. It can be roughly translated as "people of the three clans", a reference to the three aristocratic clans (Kallar, Maravar and Agamudayar) which have supplied the Tamil country with most of its royal dynasties and warriors

Clans

The Kallar, Maravar and Agamudaiyar communities constitute the Kshatriya or warrior class of Tamil Nadu, South India. They are a prominent social group of India. They descent from the ancient royal dynasties of the southern region. They have proven Indian histories of more than 3000 years

Kallar

Kallar(Tamil: கள்ளர்)is one of the three communities which constitute the Mukkalathor confederacy. European eyewitnesses of the 18th century have made mention of Kallars as "a fearless tribe show many signs of independence and non-submission to any form of subjugation". They were expert soldiers and constituted the bulk of Chola and Pandya armies.

One of the principal weapons of the Kallars is the boomerang. This has evoked comparisons with the Australian aborigines and vouch for the theory that Kallars were one of the earliest people to inhabit the Indian subcontinent. The principal occupation of Kallars is farming.

Kallars are found largely in Madurai, Sivagangai, Pudukkottai, Thanjavur, Trichy, Theni and Ramanathapuram districts of Tamil Nadu. One of their popular deities is Kallazhagar who is a warrior form of Lord Thirumala or Venkadavan.

There are various sub-castes of Kallars, amongst whom the Ambalakarar is the most important. They were a warlike people who strongly resisted every British attempt to subjugate them. They are found in Madurai and Sivaganga districts. In these districts, each village is headed by an Ambalakarar (president of an assembly) and the Ambalakarars took upon themselves the power to adjudicate disputes that arose among the inhabitants in the "nadu", belonging to different castes. They used to hear complaints, hold inquiries and punish the offenders. They wielded considerable powers to intervene in any kind of transaction or transfer of property among the people. No land could be alienated from one man to another without the permission of the Ambalakarars. Another important Kallar subcaste is the Piramalai Kallar. They are highly conservative and have preserved their customs and traditions to the present day. They are also believed to be the oldest inhabitants of the Tamil country with reports of their presence going back to Tamil literary works of the 4th century B.C. They are found mainly in the districts of Madurai and Theni. Their popular deity is Amman, the Mother Goddess.

There are kallar settlements in Aziz Nagar (near Ulundurpettai), Pammal (near Tambaram) and Prisly Nagar (Otteri,Chennai). Kallars (Thevar pattam) in these settlements are belived to be migrated from southern parts of Tamil Nadu to a place called Veppur (Cuddalore district). A temple ("Nallathangal kovil") established by them at Veppur on their migration and a Nallathangal temple found in a southern district is the only link to establish their migration.

Maravar

Maravar (Tamil: மறவர்)(meaning "veerar",upper caste), are one of the oldest social groups to be mentioned by the Sangam Tamil literature. This indicates an association with the Tamil land which is at least 2,000 years old. The writers of the Sangam Age place them in rural settlements withdrawn from cities. Maravar, in Tamil, means a warrior. Maravars are the courageous breed and were involved in the major wars that Tamilnadu witnessed.The maravar are popularly given the title 'Thevar.Other historians postulate that Maravar is derived from Tamil language term Marutham (called as Thinnai). They originally lived in (See Ancient Tamil country). The name of the city Madurai is also postulated to be derived from Maruthai and honorific title of local Pandya kings..They were the rulers of ancient tamilnadu.They ruled the vast land mass of tamilnadu along with Paravar,the coastal rulers.Both these tribes have same origin and they are famous throughout south India for their valour.They were bloodly related akins.The Maravar and Paravar constitute the Kshatriya varna of Tamil caste system.The southern styles of Kalarippayattu,silambam,varma kalai have been practiced primarily by nairs ezhavas,Kallars and Thevars of erstwhile Travancore areas.The Maravar have close relation with kalabhras but they were non-aryan,non-kalabhar group.They were ancint rulers of Pandya kingdom from the first sangam age.Another predominant caste called the Paravars and Maravars were collectively called as Meenavar and Villavar of the past.They both have same origin and they had control over pandya kingdom.Their leaders were given the title"Meenavan" or "Pandyan".Later years the paravas diversified to various fields like pearl fishing,sea trading,also famous sailors came from that caste.But the maravas of meenavar still remained in their tradition.Veera Maravar are the fore fathers of varma kalai.The Maravas were unbeaten in the History of tamilnadu.They ruled Chera,Chola and Pandya kingdoms in later years and they were the Muvendar.Later Naga invasion,Nairis(the present day Nair caste)entered south India as allies to Maravar.But Later they changed their diplomatic stance to enemy and the cowardice attack of nairis made Maravar lose Chera kingdom.Edgar Thurston (1855-1935) a British museologist and ethnographer identified the use of the boomerang by kallar and marawar.

Agamudayar

Agamudayar (Tamil: அகமுடையார்) also known as Agam Padaiyar is one of the three Mukkulathor communities. W. Francis writes about Agamudaiyans that they are "a cultivating caste found in all the tamil districts'. however, most agamudaiyars are found in Thanjavur, Madurai and Tirunelveli districts." ^[1]

There are various derivations of the word "Agamudaiyan" or "Ahamudaiyan". " derived from the root aham, which, in Tamil, has many significations.^[2]In one of these, it means a house, in another earth, and hence it has two meanings, householder and landholder ; the suffix Udeiyar indicating ownership. The word is also used in another form, ahambadiyan, derived from another meaning of the same root, i.e., inside. And, in this derivation, it signifies a particular caste, whose office it was to attend to the business in the interior of the king's palace, or in the pagoda".^[2] " The name," Mr. J. H. Nelson writes, "is said by the Rev. G. U. Pope, in his edition of the Abbe Dubois' work to be derived from aham, a temple, and padi, a step, and to have been given to them in consequence of their serving about the steps of temples. But, independently of the fact that Madura pagodas are not approached by fiights of steps, this seems to be a very far-fetched and improbable derivation of the word. I am inclined to doubt v/hettbe not merely ii vulgar corruption of the wellknown word Ahamudeiyan, possessor of a house, the title which Tamil Brahmans often use in speaking of a married man to his wife, in order to avoid the unpolite term husband. Or, perhaps, the name comes from aham in the sense of earth, and pati, master or possessor."^[2][3]

Of the Mukkulathor, the Agamudaiyans are the community most influenced by Brahminism.^[3][4] The ordinary title of the Agamudaiyans is Servaikkaran, but many of them call themselves Pillai.^[4] In Thanjavur district, agamudaiyans are also called "Terkittiyar" or "southerners".^[4] The Agamudaiyans are divided into the following sub-sects: Aivali Nattan, Kottaipattu, Malainadu, Nattumangalam, Rajaboja, Rajakulam, Rajavasal, Kalian,Sani, Maravan, Tuluvan (cf. Tuluva Vellala) and Servaikkaran.^[4]

History

Origins

There are diverse theories with regard to the origin of Mukkulathors.

Dr Spencer Wells and Dr. Pitchappan have found an ancient DNA marker in the blood of Kallar that links them to the very first modern humans who migrated out of Africa about 60,000 years ago and travelling through the southern coastline of Asia had eventually reached Australia. Based on this theory, it is assumed that the Piramala Kallars are the oldest human inhabitants of the subcontinent. Yet, this is an isolated case found only among the individuals of the Kallar caste.^[citation

The Nayak Period and the Polygars

The downfall of the Mukkulathors occurred in 1345 with the fall of Vira Pandyan IV and the subsequent conquest of Madurai by the Delhi Sultanate. However, the southern territories of the Sultanate soon asserted their independence and the Mukkulathors recovered under the Vijayanagar Empire and later under the Nayak dynasty during whose period they served as Polygars or chieftains. The Nayaks were actually governors appointed by Vijayanagar kings and were Naidus of Telugu origin. Later, after the fall of Vijayanagar, they established some measure of independence in the provinces which they governed and appointed individuals from the warrior Mukkulathor clans as their military chieftains and governors. After a century of peace and prosperity, the Nayak kingdom disintegrated and regional Polygar chieftains most of whom were from the Mukkulathor communities, making use of this opportunity, established their dominance and rule in the areas which they governed. However, just as their sun was in its ascendancy there arose a serious obstacle in the form of the British East India Company who desired to force the Polygars into submission and annex their territories to the Madras Presidency.

[edit] Freedom Fighters and the Polygar Wars

There was a clash of interests between Mukkulathor Polygar chieftains seeking to recover their lands after 400 years of foreign rule and the British East India Company, an emerging power seeking to expand its influence and power into new territories and to arrest the growth of French influence in India ahead of the Seven Years War.

The first direct challenge was thrown by Puli Thevan in 1755. This was precipitated by the support the British East India Company lent to Puli Thevar's enemy, the Nawab of Arcot. Puli Thevar is remembered as the first king to have fought and defeated the British in India. His exploits have since become legendary.

Resistance to British rule was also offered by Padal Vellaiya Devan who fought the British along with Kattabomman. His son Desakaval Senbaga Devar is also remembered for his exploits.

Queen Velu Nachiyar, Queen of Sivaganga, is another noted personality who fought with the British during early British Era.

The Maruthu Pandiyar brothers are notable for their role in the Polygar Wars. They were eventually captured by the British and hanged in 1801.

[edit] Surnames

The surnames used by the Thevar people are Ambalakarar, Servai, Vandaiyar, Mannaiyar, Nattar (not Nadar), etc. It is a general practice in Tamil Nadu to address a Thevar woman as "Nachchiyaar". The Kallars of Dindigul, Trichy, Thanjavur, Theni, Madurai, Sivaganga, Pudukottai and Ramnad Districts have very distinct surnames. Some of the most common names are Anjathevar, Vanathirayar, Sendapiriyar, OOnayaar, Alathondamar, Ambalam, Aarsuthiyar,Kaadavaraayar, Kalingarayar, Vandaiyaar, Vallundar,Thanjaraayar, Chozhangaraayar, Kandiyar, Pursaar, Vaanavaraayar, Mazhavaraayar, Payer, Kommatti, Mootar, Patti, Kannakkarar, Irungular, Singilaar, Pallavaraayar,Ponnapoondar,Pullavaraayar, Servai, Karaimeendar,Vanavarayar,Vairayar,Ponpethiar,Gopalar, Thondaimaan, Thevar, Kandapillai, Vayaadiyar, Vanniar, Nattaar, Alankara Priyar, Munaiyatriyar,Keerudayar, Saaluvar, Manraayar,Kaadavaraayar, Madhavarayar, Onthiriyar, Servai, Serumadar, Vambaliar, Thenkondaar, Mankondaar, Kaaduvetiyaar, Sozhagar, Chozanga Nattar,olivarayar etc. There are over 700 surnames in use.

In 18 th century Vallambars (Nattars) helped the Maruthu brothers in War against Britishers. So they presents some areas to them, to manage the administration of places near to Karaikkudi. Then Vallambars are also called as Palaya Nattars

Current Status

Although a great many of the members are still agriculturalists, many have also progressed up the social ladder as doctors, engineers, entrepreneurs, politicians and civil servants. Large number of people from the community are serving the nation as military men. Large number of people serving the tamilnadu police department

The code of suicide by warriors or maravars in ancient tamilnadu

Avippali, Thannai, Verttal, Vallan pakkam, Pun Kilithu Mudiyum Maram and Marakkanchi: the forms of martial suicide and suicidal battle of the warrior as the ultimate expression of his loyalty to his commander. These six forms of martial suicide are defined as described by the works referred to above.

Pulla Vazhkai Vallan Pakkam – the martial attitude of the warrior who goes forth into suicidal battle is mentioned by Tholkappiyam. The other works refer to it as Thannai Verttal. Duarte Barbosa describes the practice among the Nayar(of the Chera kingdom). It was later noticed by British officials as well. It was also prevalent among the Maravar (of the Pandya kingdom) from whom the suicidal Aapathhuthavi bodyguard was selected. Thannai Verttal also refers to the suicide of a warrior on hearing that his king or commander has died (Purapporul Venpa Malai). Punkilithu Mudiyum Maram is the martial act of a warrior who commits suicide by tearing apart his battle wound.

Another form of martial suicide mentioned by all the works except Veera soliyam, is Avippali. Tamil inscriptions speak of it as Navakandam. Inscriptions found in many parts of Tamilnadu provide greater information on the practice. Navakandam is the act of a warrior who slices his own neck to fulfil the vow made to korravai – the Tamil goddess of war – for his commanders’ victory in battle. The Kalingathu Parani(10) – a work which celebrates the victory of the Chola king Kulotunga and his general Thondaman in the battle for Kalinga, describes the practice in detail. “The temple of korravai is decorated with lotus flowers which bloomed when the warriors sliced their own necks”(106); “they slice the base of their necks; the severed heads are given to the goddess”(111); “when the neck is sliced and the head is severed, the headless body jumps with joy for having fulfilled the vow”(113).

The epics of Chilapadikaram (5: 79-86) and Manimekalai (6: 50-51) mention the practice. To ensure the complete severing of the head, the warrior tied his hair to a bamboo bent taut before he cut his neck. Hero stones depicting this practice are found all over Tamil Nadu, and are called Saavan Kallu by locals. The warriors who thus committed suicide were not only deified in hero stones (saavan kallu) and worshipped but their relatives were given lands which were exempted from tax(11).

An area handbook (Tharamangalam) of the Tamilnadu archeology department notes that “the Nava Kandam sculpture which is found widely all over Kongu Nadu (Coimbatore, Salem) is to be seen at the Tharamangalam Kailasanathar kovil also. The people call it Saavan Kallu. “The practice of Nava Kandam existed in Kongu Nadu till the early part of this [i.e., 20th] century.”(12)

A Saavan Kallu at Thenkarai Moolanatha sami Kovil in Madurai, depicting the act of a warrior holding his hair with his left hand and slicing his neck with his right – 14th century – is said to be annually worshipped by the Conjeevaram Mudaliyars.(13) The Conjeevaram Mudaliyars are Kaikolar, a presentday weaving caste which was militarized under the Chola empire and was made into a special military body; there are indications that Kaikolar warriors practiced Nava Kandam(14).

Apart from these codified forms of martial suicide, a method called Vadakkiruththal is mentioned in Tamil heroic poetry. It is the act of a warrior king fasting to death, if some dire dishonour were to come upon him(15). The Tamil teacher, and the Dravidian propagandist, turned the song of the legendary Chera king Irumborai who committed suicide when he was taken captive by his enemies into a compelling theme in Tamil renaissance.

The Avippali form of martial suicide as the ultimate expression of loyalty to one’s commander, is deeply embedded in the Tamil psyche. Senchorru-kadan (the debt of red rice) is a phrase that is widely used today by Tamils as an expression of loyalty. One frequently hears of it in a popular Tamil song. The phrase sands for the ritual of partaking of rice by which Maravar and other Tamil military caste warriors bound themselves to their king or commander to die in suicidal battle for him, or to commit suicide on the day he was slain. Of Avippali, the Puraporul Venba Malai ([verse] 92) says, “thinking of nothing but the red (blood) rice the Maravar give their life as offering in battle.”

The ritual of red or blood rice was described by two Muslim travellers who had visited the Tamil country in the 9th century. “A quantity of cooked rice was spread before the king, and some three or four hundred persons came of their own accord and received each a small quantity of rice from the king’s own hands, after he himself had eaten some. By eating of this rice, they all engage themselvesto burn themselves on the day the king dies or is slain; and they punctually fulfill their promise.”(16) In modern times it has been observed that “when a Maravar takes food in the house of a stranger, he will take a pinch of earth and put it on the food before he commences his meal.”(17) This act freed him from the debt of blood rice.[2]Some also committed suicide by eating bricks.

Other version

Kallar, Maravar, Agamudaiyar basically are the Pandiya and chola caste who ruled the pandiya nadu and chola nadu.

Kallar mainly lived and are still populas on the northern pandian territory or Thanjavur, Thiruchirappalli, Dindugal, Madurai districts.

Agamudaiyar formed the police force and did security jobs. They bascially stood guard for Temple, Farm lands, Nadan hamlets. They are called servai in Thirunalveli, Thoothukudi districts. Maruthu Sagothararkal are marked for their guard of Kalayar koil against the war with British. They are scaterd all thro Pandiyan Territory mainly to all temple cities.

"In Madurai - West Masi Street,their community people formed a AGAMUDAIYAR ARAN(Maruthu pandiyar mandram)"

Maravar are brave warriors who met head-on. They lived and are still populas on the northern Pandian Territory next to Kallar belt in the districts of Ramnad, Madurai, Raja Palayam, Thirunelveli. They shared the ruling titles of Pandiyans for their bravery. Raja of Ramnad is the fact for this.

When the pandian suffered defeat at the hands of Nayaks and Muslims of Vijayanagar Empire, These 3 castes stood guard and gave their life in protecting the assets of Madurai Meenakshi temple and its chain of temples down south. They retained the pandian control and still are dominant in the southern pandiyan districts of Tamilnadu

ஆண்ட பரம்பரை அடிமை படலமா?

am A Thevar magan. I Improve the thevar community...........................he is leader of the mukkulathore sangam and Moovendar Munnetra Kazhagam .he is try to bring up our community peoples .he is doing lot of things for mukkulathore peoples.so join this community for improve ourself.

Following is a list of prominent mukulathor from India. Mukkulathor or Mukulathar (Tamil:ம�க�க�லத�தோர�) literally means the trinity of ancient royal lineages. ...

* Freedom Fighters
o Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar - U. Muthuramalingam Thevar, also known as Pasumpon Muthuramalingam Thevar (October 30, 1908 – October 30, 1963) was an Indian politician. He hailed from the Maravar community, the dominant warrior caste group in his home district in southern Tamil Nadu. Thevar became the leader of the All India Forward Bloc in Tamil Nadu, and was national deputy chairman of the party from 1952 onwards. He was elected thrice to parliament.



* Cinema Professionals
o Actor Chandrasekhar
o Actor S.S.Chandran
o Actor Karthik Muthuraman, son of Actor R.Muthuraman
o Actor Nadigar Thilagam PathmashreeSivaji Ganesan
o Actor and director Manoj Bharathiraja, son of Director Bharathiraja
o Actor R.Muthuraman
o Actor Prabhu Ganesan, son of Sivaji Ganesan
o Actor S.S.Rajendran
o Actor Vinuchakravarthy
o Comedy actor senthil
o Comedy actor Vivek
o Director Balaji Sakthivel
o Director Bala
o Director Bharathiraja
o Director and actor Cheran
o Director Kathir (Movie: Kathal Desam)
o Director and actor S.J.Surya
o Director Susi Ganesan
o Lyrist Vairamuthu

--Joram555 06:42, 11 January 2007 (UTC)**Director Manivannan Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar (1908 - 1963) was a freedom fighter, a parliamentarian, a social and religious reformer from Southern Tamil Nadu. ... Ganesan in Thayaipola Pillai Noolaipola Selai, 1959 Sivaji Ganesan (சிவாஜி கணேசன�) (October 1, 1927 - July 21, 2001) was a famous Indian actor and politician. ... Bharathiraja (born 17 July 1941 in Alli Nagaram, Tamil Nadu), is a South Indian filmmaker. ... Prabhu Prabhu (Tamil : பிரபூ) : is a famous Indian actor. ... Ganesan in Thayaipola Pillai Noolaipola Selai, 1959 Sivaji Ganesan (சிவாஜி கணேசன�) (October 1, 1927 - July 21, 2001) was a famous Indian actor and politician. ... Senthil Senthil is a famous Tamil comic film actor. ... Bharathiraja (born 17 July 1941 in Alli Nagaram, Tamil Nadu), is a South Indian filmmaker. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

* Community Leaders
o M.V.Muthurramalingam, Chairperson of Velammal Group of Schools and Colleges
o DR Ramakrishnan, founder of Thevar Peravai.
o Pon Paramaguru - I.P.S
o Prem Kumar Vandiyar
o sridhar Vandiyar

* Senior Government Servants
o Malaichamy I.A.S - He served as State Election commission officer in India.



* Present Day Kings and Queens
o H.M.CHARU BALA THONDAIMAN OF PUDUKKOTTAI
o H.M.KUMARAN SETHUPATHY OF RAMNAD SAMASTHANAM
o H.M.MADURANTAKKI NACHIAR OF SIVAGANGA,
o H.M. DURAICHI OF NERKATTAN SAEVEL.
o H.M.SIVAGNANA PANDIAN OF SAYALGUDI

* Judges
o Justice RathnaVel Pandian Supreme court Judge and Chairman of Vth Pay Commission


*Writers and Journalists
Pandithurai Thevar,Founder of fourth tamil sangam
Thirugana Sambantha Kavirayar(poet of Ramanathapuram)
Thirumangai Azhwar
Thiruvalluva Thevar(alias Mailai Kilar)
Arunmozhi thevar(alias chezkilar(Mudali) or uthama chola pallavaraiyar)
Nakkeera thevar
Meikanda thevar
Thiruthhakka thevar
Pulavar Na. Mu. Venkadasamy Nattar - Tamil language & History Researcher
Devaneya Paavanar - Tamil Scholar & Researcher
Ilakuvanar-Tamil scholar
Kavi Perrasu Vairamuthu,famous Tamil poet and star lyricist
Dr.Maraimalai,M.A.,Ph.D.,Tamil Scholar and researcher
Pattukkottai Kumaravel-written more than 1000 dramas.
M.Natarajan, Puthiya Parvai Editor
Pulamai Pithan
Freedom Fighters
Puli Devar- First person in India to fight and win over the British
Valivitta Thevar
Maruthu Pandiyar brothers - The legendary Tamil warrior brothers stand as an epitome for bravery and courage in Tamil Nadu
Politicians and Administrators
late P.Manickam (Vandaiyar)Ex.MLC (two terms) State Secretary, communist party of India, Editor Janasakthi, Tamarai Weekly
Late Ayyanan Ambalam, Leader of Forward Block Party
LG (Break away MDMK)
Nallakannu, Communist leader
Sasikala Natarajan
Natarajan
Late.G.M.Premkumar Vandayar, Founder Mooventhar Munnettra Kazhagam,Chidambaram.
Dr. N. Sethuraman, MMK, Founder of Meenakshi mission hospital, Madurai
Sridhar Vandaiyar, Mooventhar Munnettra Kazhagam
Dr.BT.Kumar, founder,Dravida Vizhipunarchi Kazhakam
Actor M.R.Karthik Leader,TN AIFB
Thamizhachi thangapandian,poet and a budding politician
Late V.Nadimuthu pillai Ex MP,Ex MLA,Dt Board Chairman. Pattukkottai
Azhagu Thirunavukkarasu, Ex-Minister,
C. Mahendran, Communist Party of India
SDS @ SD Somasundaram Gopalar, Ex Minister
Gopalswamy Thenkondar, Ex. M.P.

Ministers of Central Government
T.R.Baalu, Honorable Minister for Shipping and Road transport of India
S. S. Palanimanickam, Minister for finance, India

[edit] Ministers of State Government
O. Panneerselvam Former Chief minister of TN
Late, Anbil Dharmalingam
Mannai Narayanasamy Former
Alagu Thirunavukkarasu
K.C.Mani Minister for Cooperation
I.Periyasamy, Minister of Law
Thangam Then Arasu, B.E
Suba. Thangavel
Pon. Muthuramalingam, B.A, B.L, Ex-Minister.
Late thiru Pasumpon Tha Kiruttinan - Ex-Minister
MR.Thangapandian Ex-minister
S.Thirunavukkarasan M.P
N.Nainar Nagendran M.A Ex Minister
K.Ayyaru Vandaiyar Former
A.M.Paramasivam Former
Durairaj Former
R.Vaithiyalingam Ex Minister

[edit] Members of Parliament (M.P)
E. M. Sudarsana Natchiappan M.P
L.Ganesan BA, BL, MP,
T.T.V. Dinkaran, M.P.,
R.V.Swaminathan Ex M.P
Dindigul Seenivasan Ex M.P
O.S.Manian Ex Rajyasabha M.P
Thanga Tamil Selvan M.P
R.Kamaraj Ex M.P
Poondi K.Thulasi Ayya Vaandaiyar Ex M.P
Singaravadivelu Ex M.P
Tiruchi Siva M.P
Rajan Chellappa Ex M.P
K.Maaya Thevar From Ex M.P Usilampatti
P.V.Rajendran Ex.M.P
Dr.V.Rajeshwaran Ex.M.P
Shri V.N.Swaminathan Ex MP

[edit] Members of Legislative Assembly (M.L.A)
Chellapandian (former tn assembly speaker 1962-1967)
Sedapatti Muthiah (former tn assembly speaker 1991-1996)
K.Kalimuthu (former tn assembly speaker 2001-2006)
R.Avudaiyappan B.L.( tn assembly speaker 2006 onwards)
S.Kathar Batsha (a) Vellaisamy Thevar (Ex-MLA Muthukulathur)
P.Moorthy (M.L.A, Sholavandan)
V.Karupasamy Pandian
N.MalaiRaja M.A.
A.K.Bose
Rama. Subhuramaniyam B.Sc
Thiruvadanai KR.Ramaswamy
A.Tharmalingam Ex
Atthani S.Kalaimugan
M.S.K. Satyendran Ex M.L.A
Late M.S.K Rajenthiran Ex M.L.A
V.G.Manimegalai Ex.M.L.A
Late, Anbil Poyyamozhi
S.Gurunathan Ex
K.Kittu Ex M.L.A
K.Thangamuthu Ex M.L.A
P.V.Rajendran Ex M.L.A
M.Dhandayuthapani Ex
Late. P.N. Vallarasu, MLA
Late P.U.Shanmugam Ex-Minster
R.Singaram Ex M.L.A
T.Vediyappan Ex-M.L.A.
R.Sridharan Tiuvannamalai Municiple Chairman.
J.Anbazhagan Ex-M.L.A
Kalairajan B.A,B.L.,M.L.A
Late S.Angamuthu Naicker Ex M.L.A
N.R.Rengarajan,MLA
M.Meenakshi sundaram vedaraniyam
M. Ramachandran B.A, B. L Ex MLA

[edit] Mayors of Tamilnadu
Smt. Charubala thondaiman, Mayor, Trichy
M. Anbalagan B.A., Deputy Mayor
P.M.Mannan, Deputy Mayor, Madurai
K.Muthu RamaLingam, Deputy mayor, Nellai
karate thiyagarajan ex. deputy mayor of chennai
S.Viswanatha Pandian, Ex Depty Major,Nellai

[edit] Judges
Justice RathnaVel Pandian, Supreme court Judge and Chairman of V pay commission
Justice A.Ramamurthy, High Court of Madras (retired)
Justice Ramalingam , High Court of Madras (retired)
Justice S. Rajeswaran, High Court of Madras
Justice S. Suguna, High Court of Madras
Justice Nagamuthu, High Court of Madras

[edit] Civil services
Malaichamy, I.A.S, also served as State Election commission officer in India.
Palanichamy, Tamil Nadu State Election Commissioner
Ponnu Swamy , DSP Vegilenence and AntiCorrecption Tamil Nadu
Rajendran, I.A.S, Tamil Development, Hindu Religious and culture & Information public relation
Ayyar Sollai, I.A.S
Ramalingam I.A.S
Vivekanadan I.A.S
Ramramasundaram I.A.S
Arumugam, I.A.S
S.Rajarathinam I.A.S
Karpurasundara Pandian I.A.S
V.Palanisamy I.A.S
S.Karuthaya Pandian I.A.S
N. Sivanesan, I.A.S
U.Subramanian, I.A.S
Sivasubramanian, I.A.S
N Balachandran, I.A.S
S.N.Karupanan, I.A.S
A.N.Dhyaneswaran, I.A.S
V.S.Rajhan, I.P.S
D.S. Panjabagesan I.P.S
Pon Paramaguru, I.P.S
Sivanandi.P I.P.S
Periyaiya, I.P.S (villupuram S.P)
Velladurai, Encounter specialist
ThamaraiKanan, IPS
Patcha Thani Manickam S.P retired
E.Masanamuthu, I.P.S
Sankara Vadivelu, IRS, Customs & C.Excise
Xavier ,DSP Nellai
K.Palanichamy, ADSP, Tiruvallur
Chandra Bose, DC
Pon Manickavel, S.P
Kaliyamoorthy, S.P.

[edit] Scientists and Academicians
Dr.I.Singaram, Registrar, Madurai Kamaraj University
Late Dr.Vedaiyan,B.E.,(Hons),Ph.D.,Dean of Technology, Anna University
Late Shri.S.Sitaram B.A.,Bsc(hons).,LTM.,AMCT., Director National Textile corporation,coimbatore.
Dr. (Major) D. Raja, Former Vice-Chancellor of the TN Dr. MGR Medical University
Dr. M.Rajagopal M.S Ortho {former dean kilpauk medical college}
Dr. N Mohandoss, IMA President, Thanjavur
Prof.Dr. V.Varadarajanjan,pioneer surgeon,Former IMA,IMC,ASI President, Thanjavur

[edit] Business
S.Sivakumar,Industrialist& Director-LGB,Coimbatore
S.Karthikeyan M.S.,MBA Director in Engineering, Yahoo India.
P.Palanisamy (PRP groups-granites,roadways,exports)
Paul Pandian, Founder of Axes Technologies
Avudayanikottai P.Karuppaiya
M.V.Muthuramalingam, Chairperson, Velammal Engineering College
Solaimalai thevar, Ambiga groups
MJF.Ln.Leo Muthu Sri Sai Ram Engineering college
K.Maruthupandiyan, Chairperson Maruthupandiyar College of arts and Science
Arunachalam (chairperson -Student Xerox)
S.Murugan,Vasan's & Om Group of Companies, Thiruvanaikoil, Trichy
Prof. P. Murugesan, Chancellor, PRIST UNIVERSITY, Thanjavur

References
On Tamil Militarism- The suppression of Tamil military castes
Genetic structure of four socio-culturally diversified caste populations of southwest India
http://www.thevarcommunity.com/
http://www.varalaaru.com/Default.asp?articleid=113
http://www.varalaaru.com/Default.asp?articleid=124
http://www.varalaaru.com/Default.asp?articleid=93
http://www.varalaaru.com/Default.asp?articleid=154
http://www.varalaaru.com/Default.asp?articleid=252

See also
Kshatriya‎
Pandyan Kingdom
Chola Dynasty
Puli Thevar
Maruthu Pandiyar
U. Muthuramalingam Thevar

External links
http://www.thevar.in
http://www.thevarcommunity.com/
http://www.devaronline.com/
http://thevarcommunitymumbai.com
http://www.thevaryouth.com/
http://pasumpontrust.com/
http://WWW.MUTHURAMALINGATHEVAR.COM
Matrimony site for mukkulathor